Bladder Cancer Symptoms: Everything You Need to Know

Although bladder cancer may not receive as much attention as other types of cancer, it is one of the top 10 most common cancers globally, and its early warning signs are frequently overlooked. Blood in the urine is a simple symptom that could be the body's first warning sign. However, a lot of people disregard it completely or confuse it with a minor infection.

What bladder cancer symptoms are, how it's diagnosed, and why early detection can make the difference between a simple treatment and a life-threatening condition are all covered in this blog. Before it's too late, here's what you need to know, whether you're looking for answers for a loved one or yourself.

What is Bladder Cancer?

When abnormal cells in the bladder, which store urine before it leaves the body, grow out of control, bladder cancer results. The urothelial cells lining the bladder's interior are where the majority of bladder cancers start. Although anyone can get this cancer, men are more likely than women to get it, and most cases are discovered after the age of 55.

Nearly 82,000 new cases of bladder cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year, according to the American Cancer Society. The secret to effective treatment is early detection through knowledge of symptoms and risk factors.

What Causes Bladder Cancer?

Bladder cancer is influenced by a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The main causes include:

         1. Smoking

Smoking is the leading cause of bladder cancer. Harmful chemicals in tobacco smoke pass through the kidneys and accumulate in the urine, damaging the bladder lining over time.

          2. Exposure to Chemicals

People working in certain industries (e.g., dye, rubber, leather, paint, and printing) are exposed to carcinogenic chemicals like aromatic amines, which increase the risk.

3.  Chronic Bladder Infections

Repeated urinary tract infections (UTIs) or long-term catheter use can irritate the bladder lining, leading to cellular changes and potentially cancer.

4. Radiation Exposure

Previous radiation therapy to the pelvic region can damage bladder cells and raise the cancer risk.

           5. Certain Medications

Long-term use of drugs like cyclophosphamide (chemotherapy) or pioglitazone (for diabetes) may increase risk.

6. Family History and Genetics

Having a family member with bladder cancer or certain genetic mutations may increase susceptibility.

Bladder Cancer Symptoms

• Understanding the bladder cancer symptoms is vital for early detection and diagnosis.

• Common Signs and Symptoms of Bladder Cancer

• Hematuria (blood in urine): It is the most common sign of bladder cancer. Urine may appear pink, red, or cola-coloured, even if painless.

• Frequent urination

• Burning or pain during urination (dysuria)

• Feeling the urgent need to urinate, even when the bladder is not full

• Weak urine stream or difficulty urinating

Bladder Cancer Symptoms in Women

Women may misinterpret symptoms as UTIs or menstrual issues. Common symptoms of bladder cancer in women include:
Persistent pelvic pain

• Recurrent UTIs

• Blood in urine

• Painful urination

Bladder Cancer Symptoms in Men

In addition to hematuria and urinary problems, men may experience:

• Pain in the lower back or pelvic region

• Discomfort during ejaculation or urination

• Weak urine flow

Note: These symptoms may overlap with other urological conditions. Always consult a urologist if you notice these issues.

Types of Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is classified based on the type of cells involved:

Diagnosis and Tests

Diagnosing bladder cancer typically involves a combination of physical exams, urine tests, imaging, and biopsies.

1. Urinalysis

A basic test to detect blood, infection, or abnormal cells in the urine.

2. Urine Cytology

A pathologist examines urine under a microscope to identify cancerous cells.

3. Cystoscopy

A small tube with a camera is inserted through the urethra to examine the bladder lining.

4. Biopsy

During a cystoscopy, tissue samples may be collected for laboratory analysis.

5. Imaging Tests

• CT Urogram or MRI: To detect tumours, blockages, or spread to nearby organs.

• Ultrasound: Non-invasive test to detect masses in the bladder or kidneys.

6. Urine Tumour Marker Tests

Tests like NMP22 or BTA can help detect bladder cancer biomarkers.

Treatment Options for Bladder Cancer

Treatment depends on the type, stage, and overall health of the patient. Common approaches include:

1. Surgery

• TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumour): For early-stage tumours.

• Cystectomy: Partial or complete removal of the bladder in advanced cases.

 2. Intravesical Therapy

• Involves inserting medication directly into the bladder. BCG therapy, a type of immunotherapy, is commonly used.

  3. Chemotherapy

• Systemic drugs that kill cancer cells. Often used before or after surgery or in advanced cancer.

  4. Radiation Therapy

• Targets and destroys cancer cells using high-energy beams. Used when surgery isn't viable.

  5. Immunotherapy

• Boosts the immune system to target cancer cells. Newer treatments include immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Prevention Tips: Reducing Your Risk of Bladder Cancer

While not all cases can be prevented, several lifestyle changes can lower your risk:

• Quit smoking: The most important preventive step.

• Stay hydrated: Drinking more fluids may help flush harmful chemicals.

• Limit exposure to carcinogens: Especially in occupational settings.

• Eat a balanced diet: Rich in fruits, vegetables, and antioxidants.

• Regular medical check-ups: Especially if you have a history of bladder issues or are at high risk.

When to See a Doctor

If you observe: 

• Blood in your urine, get medical help.

• Recurring urinary tract infections

• Urinating painfully or frequently

• Chronic lower back or pelvic pain

Timely diagnosis and improved results are guaranteed when bladder cancer symptoms in men and women are evaluated early.

Conclusion

We at Manipal Hospitals Global recognise the overwhelming nature of receiving a cancer diagnosis. Our services for international patients are intended to guarantee that each patient receives top-notch care with empathy, understanding, and assurance. We facilitate your path to recovery with everything from precise diagnosis and treatment plans to easy travel assistance and individualised care coordination.

If you or your loved one is seeking expert evaluation or a second opinion for bladder cancer or any complex urological issue, Manipal Hospitals Global Services is here to help.
Your health deserves global excellence. Choose Manipal.