Mastectomy

What is a Mastectomy?

A mastectomy involves removing breast tissue to treat cancer or reduce the risk of developing it. The extent of removal varies depending on the diagnosis and personal treatment plan.

In simple terms, the mastectomy procedure removes the affected breast tissue so that cancer cannot grow or spread further, offering a safer and more controlled long-term outcome.

Why is the Mastectomy Procedure Needed?

Mastectomy surgery is recommended when breast cancer is widespread, when breast-conserving surgery is not suitable, or when patients choose removal for preventive reasons. It helps remove tumours completely and reduce the risk of recurrence.

Common Reasons and Key Conditions Treated

• Large or multiple breast tumours.
• Inflammatory breast cancer.
• High-risk patients with strong family history or genetic mutations.
• Recurrence after previous breast-conserving treatment is a common occurrence.
• Situations where radiotherapy is not recommended.

Types of Mastectomy / Procedure Variations

There are several mastectomy types, each chosen based on tumour size, spread, and patient preference. The goal is to balance effective cancer control with the best possible physical and emotional outcomes.

• Total (simple) mastectomy: Removal of the entire breast without lymph node removal.
• Modified radical mastectomy: Removal of the breast along with nearby lymph nodes.
• Radical mastectomy: An extensive procedure used only in special cases.
• Skin-sparing mastectomy: Preserves most breast skin for reconstruction.
• Nipple-sparing mastectomy: Keeps the nipple and breast skin intact for natural-looking reconstruction.

Why Choose Manipal Hospitals for Mastectomy?

Manipal Hospitals offers comprehensive breast cancer care led by highly trained breast surgeons and supported by multidisciplinary oncology teams. Patients receive personalised guidance from diagnosis to recovery.

• Advanced imaging and diagnostic tools for accurate planning.
• Skilled surgeons experienced in all major mastectomy techniques.
• Options for immediate or delayed breast reconstruction.
• Enhanced recovery pathways to shorten hospital stay.
• Complete support for international patients, including travel and post-surgery follow-up.

Indications for Mastectomy

A mastectomy may be advised when:

• The tumour is large or widespread.
• There are multiple tumours in different breast areas.
• Previous breast-conserving surgery is not possible.
• The patient carries BRCA or other high-risk genetic mutations.
• Radiotherapy is not safe or recommended.

Who Should Avoid or Delay Mastectomy?

Some factors may require postponement or an alternative approach.

• Severe infections affecting the breast or skin.
• Small tumors that can be safely removed with breast conservation.
• Significant heart or lung conditions needing stabilisation.
• Active pregnancy in certain cases where timing must be adjusted.
• Patients unfit for anaesthesia.

Preparing for Mastectomy

• Mammograms, ultrasound, or MRI for surgical planning.
• Blood tests and fitness assessment for anesthesia.
• Discussion about reconstruction options, if desired.
• Medication review and fasting instructions.
• Support for international patients regarding accommodation and travel.

What Happens During the Mastectomy Procedure?

The surgery is performed under general anaesthesia. The surgeon removes the breast tissue along with lymph nodes if needed. Skin-sparing or nipple-sparing techniques may be used depending on the reconstruction plan.

Step-by-Step Breakdown

• Admission and pre-operative marking of the surgical area.
• Administration of general anesthesia.
• Removal of breast tissue based on the chosen mastectomy type.
• Reconstruction is performed immediately if planned.
• Placement of surgical drains to remove excess fluid.
• Completion of surgery and transfer to recovery.

Recovery After Mastectomy

Recovery varies, but most patients stay in the hospital for one to three days. Pain, tightness, and reduced arm movement are common early symptoms. Gentle physiotherapy helps restore mobility. Emotional support and guidance are also important throughout recovery.

Follow-up visits monitor wound healing, discuss pathology results, and plan further treatment such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or hormone therapy when needed.

Risks & Complications

Possible complications include infection, bleeding, fluid collection, numbness, or stiffness in the chest or arm. Lymphoedema can occur if lymph nodes are removed. These risks are reduced through careful surgical planning and post-operative care.

Benefits of Mastectomy

• Effective removal of cancerous tissue.
• Reduces the risk of recurrence.
• Suitable for patients with large or multiple tumours.
• Option for reconstruction to restore breast appearance.
• Long-term safety and control in high-risk patients.

What is the Cost of Mastectomy at Manipal Hospitals?

The cost of mastectomy depends on surgical technique, reconstruction choices, hospital stay, and post-operative care. Manipal Hospitals offers competitive pricing compared with many Western and Gulf countries, ensuring high-quality breast cancer surgery remains accessible for international patients.

A personalised estimate includes imaging, surgeon fees, anaesthesia, the procedure itself, and follow-up consultations.

International Patient Support at Manipal Hospitals

International patients receive full guidance for travel arrangements, visa processes, interpreter services, accommodation, and scheduled follow-up care. This helps make the treatment experience comfortable and well coordinated from start to finish.